Year: 2025

Hello, my little stars!  Have you ever shared a chocolate bar with a friend and said, “Let’s take half-half”? Or maybe cut a birthday cake and given everyone a piece? That, my dears, is fractions in action! Yes, it’s all about sharing equally. Today, let’s explore what fractions are and how they help us in real life. Ready? Let’s begin! What is a Fraction? A fraction simply means a part of a whole. Let’s say you have one whole biscuit and you want to share it with your friend. You break it into two equal parts and give one part to your friend and keep one for yourself. Each part is called a half. We write it like this: ½. Two halves make one whole! But wait—here’s something very important:For something to be a fraction, it must be divided into equal parts. Unequal parts? That’s not a proper fraction.  Let’s Look at Some Examples 🍕 Example 1: Halves You cut a circle into 2 equal parts. Each part is called half (½).So if you have one part, you have ½ of the circle. 🍰 Example 2: Quarters If you divide a cake into 4 equal pieces, each piece is called a quarter or one-fourth.We write it as ¼. If you take 2 parts, that’s 2 out of 4 → written as ²⁄₄. 🟩 Example 3: Other Fractions If a rectangle is cut into 3 equal parts, and one part is colored, that part is one-third → ⅓.If 2 parts are colored, that’s two-thirds → ²⁄₃. Fractions are everywhere: in pizzas, cakes, chocolates—even sharing time! Let’s Understand the Terms Every fraction has two numbers: For example, in ¹⁄₈: Fractions in a Group Fractions aren’t only about shapes—they also help us understand collections. Let’s say there are 10 toffees, and you take 5. You took 5 out of 10 toffees. That’s ⁵⁄₁₀. Another fun one:Abdul has 13 Mysore paks and gives 2 to his friend.Friend got 2 out of 13 → ²⁄₁₃. See? Easy! Or imagine Hari’s sweet shop with laddus, jilebis, and Mysore paks—if 1 part out of 3 is laddus, that’s ¹⁄₃. Comparing Fractions Now, let’s say you have two different fractions, and you want to know which one is bigger. 🟢 Case 1: Same Denominator Look at ¹⁄₇ and ³⁄₇. Both are from 7 parts.But 3 parts is more than 1 part, right? So ³⁄₇ > ¹⁄₇. 🔵 Case 2: Same Numerator Now let’s compare ⁵⁄₈ and ⁵⁄₁₀.Both are 5 parts taken, but out of 8 and 10.Smaller denominator = bigger parts!So ⁵⁄₈ > ⁵⁄₁₀. When the bottom number is the same, check the top.When the top number is the same, check the bottom!” Equivalent Fractions – Same Value, Different Looks! Sometimes, two fractions look different but mean the same thing. We call them equivalent fractions. For example: How do we find them? ✅ Multiply the top and bottom by the same number.For example:½ × 2/2 = ²⁄₄½ × 4/4 = ⁴⁄₈ See? All these are equal fractions. You can also check if two fractions are equal by cross-multiplying. 🧮 Simplifying Fractions Let’s say you have the fraction ⁴⁄₈.You can divide both top and bottom by 4:⁴⁄₈ → ¹⁄₂ This is called simplifying or reducing a fraction to its lowest form.We keep dividing until we can’t divide anymore.   FAQs Q: What is a fraction in simple words? A: A fraction is just a part of something whole—like one slice from a pizza or one piece from a chocolate bar! Q: Can we call any part a fraction? A: Only if the parts are equal! Fractions need fairness—so equal sharing is a must. Q: What do we call the numbers in a fraction? A: The top number is the numerator (how many parts taken), and the bottom number is the denominator (total equal parts). Q: Can two different-looking fractions mean the same thing? A: Yes! They’re called equivalent fractions. Like ½ and ²⁄₄—they both mean the same. Q: Why do we simplify fractions? A: To make them easier to understand and work with. Smaller numbers are easier for our brains to handle! Take assessment: 1. Understanding Basic Fraction Concepts a. Direct Questions b. Fill in the Blanks c. Match the Following d. True or False 2. Fractions as Parts of a Whole a. Visual Identification b. Drawing Tasks c. What’s Missing? 3. Fractions as Parts of a Collection a. Counting Objects b. Real-Life Scenarios 4. Comparing Fractions a. Using Symbols b. Choose the Correct Option c. Reasoning Type 5. Equivalent Fractions a. Identification b. Fill in the Blank c. Multiple Choice 6. Simplifying Fractions a. Simplify This b. Choose the Simplest Form c. Explain Your Answer 7. Fractions on a Number Line a. Draw & Mark b. Identify 8. Short Answer or Oral Questions

Hello little champs!  Do you remember how we learned about 4-digit numbers last year? You’ve already mastered things like writing numbers in words, understanding place value, and comparing them. Now, we’re going to take a small step forward—into the exciting world of 5-digit numbers!  Let’s begin this journey together. You’ll see, it’s not hard at all. Ready? Let’s go! What Are 5-Digit Numbers? A 5-digit number is any number from 10,000 to 99,999. The smallest 5-digit number is 10,000The greatest 5-digit number is 99,999 Let’s take an example: Sanjeev had 9,999 agarbathis. His father gave him 1 more. Now he has… Yes! 10,000 agarbathis. That’s our very first 5-digit number!  Understanding Place Value in 5-Digit Numbers Just like 4-digit numbers, 5-digit numbers have a special place for each digit. Let’s look at this number: 53,025 We break it down like this Place Digit Value Ten Thousands 5 50,000 Thousands 3 3,000 Hundreds 0 0 Tens 2 20 Units 5 5 So, the expanded form becomes:50,000 + 3,000 + 0 + 20 + 5 Cool, right? Let’s try another:98,431 = 90,000 + 8,000 + 400 + 30 + 1 Place value helps us know exactly what each digit stands for. It’s like each number is sitting in its own little seat in a number train!  Changing Between Forms Sometimes, you’ll see numbers written in expanded form and need to turn them into standard form. Example:8×10,000 + 5×1,000 + 2×100 + 7×10 + 6×1 = 85,276 It’s just like putting puzzle pieces back together to make the full number. Forming Greatest and Smallest 5-Digit Numbers Let’s say you’re given these digits: 9, 4, 6, 1, 3To form the greatest number, arrange them from biggest to smallest:9, 6, 4, 3, 1 → 96,431 To form the smallest, arrange them from smallest to biggest:1, 3, 4, 6, 9 → 13,469 Just remember: Don’t repeat digits unless you’re told it’s allowed. What if one of the digits is 0? Be careful! Zero can’t come first in a 5-digit number. For example: Given digits: 0, 2, 4, 5, 8 Start with the smallest non-zero digit (2), then add 0 next: 20,458 is the smallest possible number here. Preceding and Succeeding Numbers Let’s say we’re looking at 25,048.The number before it is 25,047 (preceding number)The number after it is 25,049 (succeeding number) Simple! Just one less or one more. Skip Counting With 5-Digit Numbers Ever skipped steps while climbing? That’s what skip counting is like! Example 1:23,450 → 23,700 → 23,950 → ___ → ___We’re skipping 250 every time.Keep adding 250:23,950 + 250 = 24,20024,200 + 250 = 24,450 So the full pattern is: 23,450, 23,700, 23,950, 24,200, 24,450 Example 2:25,017 → 35,017 → ___ → ___ → 65,017We’re skipping 10,000 now.35,017 + 10,000 = 45,01745,017 + 10,000 = 55,017 Now we have: 25,017, 35,017, 45,017, 55,017, 65,017 Skip counting is fun, especially if you imagine you’re jumping like a frog or a squirrel Comparing and Arranging Numbers Let’s compare:Which is smaller: 52,428 or 81,214?Look at the ten-thousands place:5 vs. 8 → 5 is smaller. So, 52,428 is smaller. What if the first digits are the same?Compare the next digit. Now let’s arrange numbers: Ascending order (small to big):35,418 → 36,719 → 36,952 → 43,709 → 45,187 Descending order (big to small):58,791 → 57,298 → 57,093 → 54,917 → 52,169 Just take your time and look at each place—starting from the left! FAQs  Q: What is a 5-digit number? A: A number that has five digits, starting from 10,000 and going up to 99,999. Q: How do I find the place value of a digit in a number? A: Look at where the digit is placed—like 3 in 53,025 is in the thousands place, so its value is 3,000. Q: Can a number start with zero? A: No, a 5-digit number can’t start with zero. That would make it a 4-digit number! Q: How do I form the greatest 5-digit number using some digits? A: Arrange the digits in descending order—biggest to smallest. Q: What does ‘expanded form’ mean? A: It’s when we break a number down to show the value of each digit. Like 43,528 = 40,000 + 3,000 + 500 + 20 + 8. Q: What is skip counting? A: It means jumping by a fixed number each time, like +250 or +10,000. Take assessment: 1. Oral Questions (Recall & Explanation) These help reinforce key concepts through conversation: 2. Fill in the Blanks Tests recall and understanding of terms: 3. Match the Following Great for visual learning: A B 1/2 Three parts out of four 3/4 One part out of two 2/3 Two parts out of three 1/4 One part out of four 4. True or False Builds confidence through simple validation: 5. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) Let kids apply concepts in a fun quiz style: Q: What is the numerator in the fraction 2/5? a) 2b) 5c) 7d) None of the above Q: If you cut an apple into 4 equal parts and take 3, what fraction do you have? a) 1/4b) 3/4c) 2/4d) 4/4 6. Identify the Fraction (Visual Understanding) Show images of shapes/pizza/circles divided into parts: 7. Short Answer / Write the Fraction Let the child express what they see: 8. Use in Daily Life (Application-Based) These develop connection with real world: 9. Arrange in Order Helps build number sense with fractions: 10. Think and Answer (Reasoning) Slightly deeper thought, encourages understanding:

Hello little explorers!  Today, we’re going to learn about something super special—WATER! Can you imagine a world without water? No drinking, no bathing, no plants, no animals… oh no! That’s why water is called “life liquid”—because everything alive needs it to survive. So much water on Earth! Did you know that 71% of the Earth’s surface is covered with water? That’s more than half! If you look at a globe, all the blue areas show water—oceans, rivers, lakes, and more. But here’s something interesting: Even though there’s so much water, only a small amount of it is clean and fresh enough for us to drink. So we need to be very careful not to waste it! Where does water come from? Let’s look at the main sources of water around us. Rain Rain is the main source of water. It fills our rivers, lakes, ponds, and even the water under the ground! Oceans Oceans are the biggest water bodies on Earth. But ocean water is salty, so we can’t drink it. Still, they’re important because they help make rain through evaporation. Rivers Rivers get water from rain and melting snow on mountains. They flow down and finally join the oceans. Some big rivers in Karnataka are the Kaveri, Krishna, Tungabhadra, and Sharavathi. Springs Sometimes, rainwater goes deep into the ground and gets stored there. When it comes out through an opening by itself, we call it a spring. Wells Wells are made by digging into the ground to bring up underground water. People in villages often use well water to drink and cook. But be careful! If we use too much underground water, it starts to disappear. So we should let rainwater go back into the earth using soak pits and try things like rainwater harvesting. Ponds Ponds are small, shallow water bodies made by people to store rainwater. Water flows into them from small streams called rivulets. Reservoirs When we build a big dam across a river to store a lot of water, it forms a reservoir. Reservoirs help us save water for drinking, farming, and making electricity. Famous reservoirs in Karnataka include Krishna Raja Sagara (KRS) and Tungabhadra Dam. Let’s Observe Water Water is quite amazing! Here are some cool things to remember: Why is Water Important for Living Things? Here’s something amazing: Our bodies are made of 70% water! The same goes for animals and plants. That’s why water is precious and must be used carefully. Our Elders Knew It Best Long ago, our elders built tanks, ponds, and wells to collect and save water. Today, we use modern methods like reservoirs, but the idea is the same—conserve water so it doesn’t run out. Also, many families celebrate water with special rituals. Have you seen your family worship rivers or wells during festivals like Ganga Puja or Theertha Snana? Be Careful! Water Can Get Polluted Sometimes, water gets dirty. We call this water pollution. It happens when we throw: Dirty water can make us sick with diseases like diarrhea or cholera. It also harms fish and other water animals. So let’s promise to keep our water clean! FAQs  Q1. Can we drink water from all sources? Not really! Only clean, fresh water is safe to drink. Always drink boiled or filtered water. Q2. Why can’t we drink ocean water? Because it’s full of salt! Drinking salty water can make us sick. Q3. How can we save water at home? Turn off taps tightly, use a bucket instead of a shower, and reuse water from washing vegetables to water plants! Q4. What is rainwater harvesting? It’s a way of collecting rainwater from rooftops and storing it for later use. Q5. What happens if plants don’t get enough water? They wilt, stop growing, and may even die. Water helps plants stay strong and green. Q6. How does water get into wells and springs? When rainwater goes deep into the earth, it stays underground. Later, we dig or tap it through wells and springs. Q7. Why do some rivers dry up in summer? Because there’s less rain and hot weather, water evaporates and rivers can shrink or dry. Take assessment: 1. Oral Questioning (Interactive Q&A) These are great for classroom discussions or quick checks during teaching. 2. Fill in the Blanks Helps assess vocabulary and recall. 3. Match the Following Great for linking ideas visually. A B Ocean Small storage of water Pond Stored under the earth Spring Salty water Well Water comes out naturally 4. Picture-Based Questions Useful if using visual aids or worksheets. 5. True or False Helps check quick understanding and correct misconceptions. 6. Think & Answer (Short Answers) Encourages expression and logic. 7. Creative Thinking Questions Encourages curiosity and real-life connections. 8. Match Source to Use Helps apply learning to real life. Source of Water Used For Reservoir Drinking and electricity Well Household water Pond Water for animals, small farms River Bathing, washing, farming 9. Sorting or Categorizing Builds analytical thinking. Question: Put these into two groups – Natural and Man-made water sources. 10. “Why” Questions Pushes deeper understanding. 11. Use-at-Home or School Scenarios Makes learning practical. 12. Observation-Based Questions Based on simple experiments or activities. 13. “List It” Prompts Builds recall and detail. 14. Environmental Awareness Raises consciousness about nature. 15. Peer Questions or Group Work Prompts Encourages social learning. Ask your friend where they get water from at home.

Hello, my little stars!  Today, I want to tell you a very special story—a story about kindness, friendship, and love… not just between people, but also between people and animals. Have you ever felt close to an animal? Maybe your pet cat, dog, or even a squirrel you see near your home? Well, you’re going to love this story! Let’s walk along with Lucy and Nithin, two children just like you. One day, after school, they saw something interesting… A Man and His Dog It was 4:15 in the evening. School was over and Lucy and Nithin were on their way home. While walking, they noticed a man talking to his dog. And guess what? The dog seemed to answer back by barking! Isn’t that funny and sweet? Lucy suddenly remembered a great man called Sri Ramana Maharshi. Do you know who Bhagavan Ramana Maharshi is?” she asked Nithin. “No, who is he?” Nithin was curious. So Lucy began sharing stories she had heard from her grandmother. Ramana Maharshi – A Friend to Animals Ramana Maharshi was not only a wise man, or a sage, but he had a big, kind heart—especially for animals and birds. He didn’t just feed them—he talked to them as if they were his friends. Just like we speak to each other! He had dogs whom he lovingly called “boys”. He would ask, “Are the boys eating their food?” He also had a cow named Lakshmi. Yes, he gave her a name! He used to say, “Give Lakshmi some rice.” Isn’t that so caring? All these animals stayed with him in his ashram (a peaceful place where sages live). And here’s something even more amazing—he always fed the animals and birds first, before eating anything himself. That’s what real love looks like.  Peacocks, Peanuts, and Mangoes He even had peacocks who came when he called them. He’d make the same sounds they make, and they would come running to eat peanuts, rice, and sweet mangoes right from his hands! Doesn’t that sound magical? A Brave and Gentle Heart One day, Ramana Maharshi was sitting quietly on a hillside. Suddenly, a snake came and crawled over his legs. Would you be scared? I think most of us would be!  But Maharshi didn’t scream or run. He stayed still. Later, someone asked him what it felt like. He smiled and said, “Cool and soft.” Imagine that! So calm and peaceful—even with a snake! He never allowed anyone to harm snakes in his ashram. He would say, “We have come to their home. We have no right to trouble them. They do not trouble us.” That’s such a beautiful thought, isn’t it? As Lucy and Nithin neared their homes, Lucy promised to tell more stories the next day. She had learned all these wonderful things from her grandmother. Kindness and respect—for every living being—was the big message Ramana Maharshi shared. And that’s something we can practice every day too! What Can We Learn? Animals have feelings too. Just like us, they love, they get hungry, they get scared, and they feel happy when treated kindly. When we show love, they return it in their own sweet ways—like a wagging tail, a soft purr, or even just sitting next to us. So, let’s remember Ramana Maharshi’s example and be gentle, loving, and kind to all creatures. Because love is not just for humans—it’s for all living beings. FAQs Q1: Who was Ramana Maharshi? A: He was a wise and gentle sage who lived in an ashram and was known for his deep love for animals and birds. Q2: Did he really talk to animals? A: Yes! He spoke to them just like he spoke to people. He even gave them names and understood their feelings. Q3: Why didn’t he let people kill snakes? A: Because he believed we should respect all life. He said that we are in their home and they won’t harm us unless we harm them. Q4: What kind of animals lived in his ashram? A: Dogs, a cow named Lakshmi, peacocks, birds, and even snakes lived peacefully in his ashram. Q5: What can we learn from this story? A: To love and respect animals, to be kind and gentle, and to treat all living beings with care. Take assessment: 1. Oral Comprehension Questions (One-on-One or Group Discussion) These help you check if the child has understood the story in a friendly, low-pressure way. 2. Short Answer Questions (Written) These encourage recall and basic sentence framing. 3. Long Answer / Value-Based Questions (3–5 sentences) These promote deeper thinking and expression. 4. Sequencing Events Ask the child to put story events in order. Example: Put these in the correct order: 5. Vocabulary & Word Meaning Help children connect with new words. 6. Opposites / Antonyms Simple word work for language reinforcement. 7. True or False Great for quick checks and memory recall. 8. Fill in the Blanks 9. Match the Columns Example: A (Word/Name) B (Meaning/Relation) Ramana Maharshi Sage who loved animals Lakshmi Cow Boys Dogs Lucy Schoolgirl 10. Rearranging Words to Make Sentences 11. Creative Thinking & Personal Connection Encourages the child to relate the story to their world. 12. Role Play or Story Retelling Encourages expressive skills and listening comprehension. 13. Picture-Based Questions Show images and ask:

Hello little ones!  Let’s talk about a very big, very special animal today. Can you guess who it is? Yes — the elephant! Have you ever seen one? Maybe at the zoo, or in a picture book? Elephants are really big animals. They’re usually grey in colour, and they walk slowly but steadily. In fact, they walk for miles every day! That’s a lot of walking, right? Imagine if you walked that much — your legs would get so tired! But the elephant is strong, and he doesn’t mind at all. Now, let’s talk about something super cool — his trunk. Do you know what a trunk is? It’s that long nose that looks a bit like a hosepipe. Elephants use their trunks for all sorts of things — like picking up food, drinking water, or even waving hello! Sometimes, the trunk even reaches out for a cake or a bun. Isn’t that funny? Just like us reaching out for a treat! And guess what? Elephants have huge ears. They flap them when they’re hot or just feeling playful. Their backs are broad, which means they’re wide and strong — perfect for carrying people. That’s why sometimes, at the zoo, children get to ride on them. The elephant walks gently with the children on his back, like a kind, careful friend. Yes, elephants are kind. They may look big and strong, but they have gentle hearts. They help people, play with their friends, and are never mean. Isn’t that lovely? So the next time you see an elephant, remember: he’s not just big — he’s friendly, helpful, and fun to watch! FAQs 1. What colour are elephants? Elephants are usually grey, but sometimes they can look a little brown if they’ve rolled in mud! 2. What’s a trunk used for? The elephant’s trunk is like a super-tool! It helps him eat, drink, pick things up, and even take a bath! 3. Why do elephants walk so much? Elephants need to find food and water, so they walk long distances every day to keep themselves healthy. 4. Can people ride elephants? Yes, they can — but only sometimes and only if the elephant is well taken care of. Their backs are broad and strong enough to carry people. 5. Are elephants friendly? Yes! Elephants are known to be gentle and kind. They care for their families and even play with each other. 6. What makes elephants special? Their size, their long trunks, their big ears — and most importantly, their kindness and intelligence. Elephants remember things for a long time! Take assessment: 1. Recall Questions (Direct from the text) These check if the child remembers key details. 2. Vocabulary Understanding Check if the child understands the meanings of new or key words. 3. True or False Statements 4. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) Q: What does the elephant’s trunk come out for? a) A bottle of waterb) A cake or bunc) A hatd) A toy Q: The elephant’s back is a) Small and narrowb) Broad and strongc) Soft and fluffyd) Curved and weak 5. Fill in the Blanks 6. Who Am I? (Riddle-style for fun engagement) 7. Matching Type Match Column A with Column B: Column A Column B Trunk Long nose Kind Caring and helpful Ride Travel on an animal Wide Broad 8. Rhyming Words (Supports phonics and auditory understanding) 9. Short Answer Questions 10. Picture-Based Questions (Useful if you show a picture of an elephant) 11. Sentence Completion 12. Think and Answer (Higher-Order Thinking) 13. Creative Response / Drawing + Sentence

Hello, my dear little stars!  Do you know there’s one day every year that’s all about you? Yes, you heard me right — it’s called Children’s Day, and it’s one of the happiest days in school! Why do we celebrate Children’s Day? Every year in India, Children’s Day is celebrated on November 14th. Do you want to know why this date is so important? Well, November 14th is the birthday of Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, the very first Prime Minister of India. But he wasn’t just a great leader — he had a very big heart for children. He loved spending time with kids, listening to them, and watching them play. Children loved him so much that they started calling him Chacha Nehru or Chachaji — isn’t that sweet? Nehru and His Love for Children Chacha Nehru believed children are like buds in a garden — small, beautiful, and full of promise. Just like a gardener carefully takes care of flowers, he felt that children should be nurtured with love, care, and education. He once said, Children are the future of the nation.That means YOU are the future — the ones who will grow up and make the world a better place. Isn’t that amazing? How do we celebrate Children’s Day? Now, this is the fun part! In many schools, children don’t have to do anything but enjoy — yes, really!  Why is it so special? Because it reminds everyone — parents, teachers, and leaders — how important you are. It tells the world that children need to be loved, protected, and given the chance to grow strong and smart. So remember, Children’s Day is not just about fun. It’s also a day to celebrate who you are — bright, beautiful, and full of possibilities!  FAQs Q: Who was Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru? A: He was India’s first Prime Minister and was lovingly called Chacha Nehru because of his love for children. Q: Why do we celebrate Children’s Day on November 14th? A: It’s Chacha Nehru’s birthday, and we celebrate it to honor his love for children. Q: What does ‘nurture’ mean? A: It means to take good care of someone so they grow healthy and happy — just like we care for plants, we should care for children! Q: What are some fun things we do on Children’s Day? A: We enjoy cultural programs, games, sweets, music, and sometimes even gifts from our teachers and parents. Q: Why are children called the “future of the nation”? A: Because you’ll grow up to become tomorrow’s doctors, teachers, leaders, artists — everything! The future depends on you. Take assessment: 1. Oral Comprehension Questions (Ask during or after reading aloud) 2. Fill in the Blanks A B Children’s Day November 14 Jawaharlal Nehru First Prime Minister Chacha Nehru Loved children Children Future of the nation 4. Rearrange the Words to Make Sentences 5. Answer the Following Questions (For short written answers) 6. Vocabulary Based a. Word Meanings – Match or fill in b. Plural Formation 7. Letter Fill-ins (for phonics/spelling practice) 8. Jumbled Letter Words 9. True or False Statements 10. Speaking/Oral Questions (Interactive Assessment) 11. Short Sentence Writing 12. Creative Expression 13. Listening Activity Teacher reads out: Nehru was born on November 14.Then asks: 14. Calendar & Festival Identification

Hello, my little stars!  Have you ever noticed how everyone gets so excited when there’s a birthday or a festival coming up? There’s laughter, songs, sweets, and of course—gifts! Today, we’re going to talk about something that brings big smiles to everyone’s faces… Celebrations! What Are Celebrations? Celebrations are happy times! We celebrate birthdays, festivals, and even special national days like Independence Day. Do you remember what we do during these times? Yes! We wear nice clothes, eat yummy food, decorate our homes, and spend time with family and friends. But celebrations are more than just fun. They bring people together. Whether you’re dancing at a wedding or waving a flag on Republic Day, you’re sharing joy with others. Isn’t that beautiful? Singing About Our Flag Let’s think about our national celebrations. Do you remember the lovely song from your lesson? It goes like this: I salute my flag,It makes me proud,I am an Indian,It says out loud… Our flag is so special! It has three bright colours—saffron, white, and green—and right in the middle is the Ashoka Chakra, which is blue. The chakra spins to remind us to keep moving forward, always making progress. Isn’t it amazing how even a flag can be a part of our celebration? Planning a Birthday Surprise Let me tell you a small story from your lesson. Lavina and Radha are planning a surprise party for their friend Chirag. They’re so excited! Lavina made a to-do list. Radha asked, “Who’s helping us?” and Lavina said, “Bhuvan is sending out the invitations.” Radha smiled and asked, “Who’s decorating the house?” Lavina said, “Mother and Father will do that!” Isn’t that sweet? And guess what gift they decided on? A bicycle! What a thoughtful present.  This little story shows how working together makes celebrations even more special. It’s not just about cake and balloons—it’s about love and teamwork. Why Celebrations Matter Let’s remember these three important things: FAQs  Q: Why do we celebrate national days like Independence Day? A: National days help us remember important events in our country’s history and make us feel proud to be Indian! Q: What are some things we can do during celebrations? A: We can sing songs, decorate the house, cook yummy food, wear special clothes, and spend time with loved ones. Q: Do we only celebrate happy things? A: Most celebrations are for happy occasions, but sometimes we also come together to remember important people or events in a respectful way. Q: How can I help during a celebration at home? A: You can help decorate, arrange things, sing songs, or simply bring your smile and energy! Every small help counts. Take assessment: 1. Oral Questions (Comprehension & Recall) These can be asked in class for quick understanding checks. 2. Short Answer Questions Simple written questions to recall facts. 3. Fill in the Blanks Great for vocabulary and concept recall. 4. Match the Following Useful for associating related ideas. A B Saffron Peace White Courage Green Growth Ashoka Chakra Progress 5. Conversation Practice / Dialogue Completion Helps in understanding sentence structure and real-life use. Example: Radha: What are we going to buy for Chirag?Lavina: ___________________________ 6. Creative Expression (Oral or Written) 7. Think and Answer (Reasoning & Expression) 8. Word Practice / Vocabulary Questions 9. Yes or No Questions 10. Picture-Based Questions Show a picture of a festival or flag and ask:

Hello dear children!  Today, we’re going to learn something really exciting and useful — Addition! You’ve already learned how to add 3-digit numbers, right? Great job! Now, we’re going to level up and learn how to add 4-digit numbers — both with and without carrying. Don’t worry, I’ll be with you every step of the way! What is Addition? Addition means putting things together. When we add, we’re simply finding how many in total. Just like when you collect tamarind seeds after playing a game and count how many you got — that’s addition! Real-Life Example: Shopping at the Store Imagine you went to a shop and saw different items with price tags: Now you want to know how much money you’d need to buy both. We add the numbers like this: markdown  2454  (Cost of Mobile) +  324  (Cost of Calculator) ——-   2778  (Total) So, you’d need ₹2778 in total! Let’s Understand Addition Step-by-Step Let’s take one more example. A housewife buys: Let’s add their prices together. markdown  2420 + 1349 ——-   3769 That means she spent ₹3769 in total. Always remember: Start adding from the units place, then move to tens, then hundreds, and finally thousands. Addition with Carrying (Regrouping) Sometimes when you add, the total in one column becomes more than 9, so you need to carry the extra value to the next place. Let’s look at an example: Let’s add: markdown   3847 +  2454 ——-    6301 Here’s how we got that: 1️ Add units: 7 + 4 = 11 → write 1 and carry 12️Add tens: 4 + 5 = 9 → plus the carry = 10 → write 0 and carry 13️Add hundreds: 8 + 4 = 12 → plus 1 = 13 → write 3 and carry 14️ Add thousands: 3 + 2 = 5 → plus 1 = 6 So, total = ₹6301 Wasn’t that fun? Adding in Your Head (Mental Math) Sometimes, you don’t even need paper and pencil! You can add numbers in your mind by breaking them up. For example:328 + 241 Let’s split 241 into parts: 328 + 200 = 528   528 + 40 = 568   568 + 1 = 569 So, 328 + 241 = 569 Easy, right? Let’s try a bigger one: 5347 + 2635 Break 2635 into 2000 + 600 + 30 + 5 yaml 5347 + 2000 = 7347   7347 + 600 = 7947   7947 + 30 = 7977   7977 + 5 = 7982 FAQs  Q: Do I always need to carry when adding 4-digit numbers? A: No, only when the total in one place is 10 or more. Then we carry to the next place. Q: What should I do first while adding? A: Always start from the units place (the rightmost number). Q: Can I add numbers without writing them down? A: Yes! That’s called mental math. You can break numbers into parts and add them step by step in your mind. Q: Why do we need to learn addition? A: Because we use it every day — at shops, while cooking, or even counting your toys! Q: I made a mistake while adding. What should I do? A: That’s okay! Mistakes help you learn. Just check each step and try again. You’ll get it! Keep Exploring! Addition is a superpower you’ll use all your life — whether you’re counting pencils, chocolates, or helping at home. Practice a little every day and you’ll become an Addition Expert in no time!Remember children, if something feels tricky, don’t be shy to ask your teacher. I’m always here for you!  Take assessment: 1. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) 2. Fill in the Blanks 3. Match the Following 4. True or False 5. Short Answer Questions 6. Long Answer / Explain in Sentences 7. Number Expansion / Place Value Questions 8. Complete the Pattern / Sequence 9. Draw and Represent 10. Word Problems 11. Sorting/Grouping Activities 12. Oral Questions / Viva Style 13. Error Identification 14. Connect with Daily Life 15. Games / Riddles Great for engagement and critical thinking.Example:I am a number with 4 tens and 7 ones. Who am I?

Hello little explorers! Let’s talk about something really special today — our wonderful plant friends! Have you ever stopped to look at a tree and wondered, “What do you do for us?”Well, let me tell you — plants do so much for us every single day! Come, let’s take a little walk through this leafy lesson together.  The Coconut Tree – A Superhero in Disguise! Let’s begin with a very useful plant — the coconut tree.Have you seen one? It’s tall, strong, and full of surprises! Isn’t that amazing? So many things from just one tree! Plants in the Kitchen! Now think about your lunch or dinner. What’s on your plate?Rice, vegetables, fruits, dal… guess where they all come from? Yes — plants! From plants, we get: Even the leaves of some plants are used to serve food — like banana leaves during festivals. Have you eaten on one? Plants Make the World Beautiful Too Ever smelled a fresh jasmine flower? Or seen a bright red rose?Plants don’t just feed us — they make our world look and smell beautiful! Flowers like: Plants Can Heal Us Too When you have a cough or fever, do your elders give you Tulsi leaves or a little neem juice? Yes! Some plants are natural medicines.Here are a few medicinal plants you might find at home: These little green healers help us feel better without any bitter pills! Plants Help Animals Too Let’s not forget our animal friends!Cows, goats, elephants — they all munch on leaves and grass.Many birds live in trees, and monkeys swing from branch to branch! Let’s Remember Plants give us: FAQs  Q: Why are plants important to us? A: Plants give us food, medicine, shelter, and many other useful things like wood, flowers, and even ropes. They help us stay healthy and happy! Q: Can animals live without plants? A: No! Animals need plants for food and shelter — just like us. Q: What are some plants we can grow at home? A: You can grow Tulsi, aloe vera, curry leaves, mint, or even small flowering plants like jasmine! Q: Why do we use banana leaves for meals sometimes? A: Banana leaves are big, clean, and eco-friendly. They add a lovely smell to the food too! Q: What should we do to take care of plants? A: Water them regularly, give them sunlight, and never pluck leaves or flowers for fun. Be gentle and kind! Take assessment: 1. Oral Questions (For classroom discussion or warm-up) 2. Fill in the Blanks 3. Match the Following A B Coconut Mat and rope Tulsi Medicine for cough Jasmine Decoration Neem Medicinal plant Banana leaf Used to serve food 4. Choose the Correct Answer (Multiple Choice Questions – MCQs) 5. Short Answer Questions 7. Think and Answer / Higher-Order Thinking 8. Sorting or Classification Activities Ask children to: 9. Drawing and Labelling 10. Role Play or Dramatization

Dear little learners,  Today, we’re going to learn something that helps us in real life every single day — subtraction! Whether you’re sharing chocolates, spending pocket money, or counting toys, subtraction is there to help. Ready to become subtraction superstars? Let’s go! What is Subtraction? Subtraction means taking something away. Let’s say you have 5 pencils, and you give 2 to your friend. How many pencils are left with you?That’s subtraction! You had 5, gave away 2 — and now you have 3 left. We use this sign ➖ for subtraction.So, 5 ➖ 2 = 3 Subtraction Without Borrowing This is the easy kind — where the top number is bigger than the bottom one. No borrowing or switching needed! Example 1: Umesh had 28 pencils. He used 16 pencils. How many pencils are left? We write it like this: markdown  28 – 16   12 Let’s break it down: Another Example: Pavitra had ₹36. She spent ₹23. How much is left? markdown 36 – 23 ____   13 Subtraction With Borrowing Sometimes, the top number is smaller — so we “borrow” from the tens. Let’s see how that works. Example: Ramayya had 43 sheep. He sold 19. How many sheep does he still have? We can’t do 3 – 9, so we borrow 1 ten from 4 tens.Now 3 becomes 13, and 4 becomes 3. markdown  43 – 19 ____   24 Don’t worry if this feels tricky at first — it gets easier with practice! Subtraction with Zero What happens when we subtract zero?Nothing changes! Zero means nothing. Example: You had 9 toffees. You didn’t eat any. How many do you still have? 9 – 0 = 9That’s right — all your toffees are still there! Estimating the Answer Sometimes we don’t need the exact number — just a close guess. This is called estimation. Imagine looking at a pile of mangoes. Can you guess how many are there without counting each one?  If there are 32 mangoes, you can say, “Hmm… that’s close to 30.”If there are 77 bananas, we say that’s close to 80. It helps us when we’re in a hurry! FAQs  Q: What if the number on top is smaller than the number below? A: Great question! In that case, we borrow from the tens place. It’s like asking your neighbor for help — you take one ten and change it into 10 ones! Q: What does subtracting zero mean? A: Subtracting zero means nothing is taken away. So the number stays the same. For example, 7 – 0 = 7. Q: Do I always need to borrow? A: No, only when the number in the ones place on top is smaller than the number below it. If it’s big enough, you can subtract straight away! Q: Is subtraction only for school? A: Not at all! We use it when we give things to friends, count money after buying snacks, or see how many toys we’ve lost or given away. Q: How do I remember subtraction easily? A: Just keep thinking of it as “taking away” or “what’s left.” Use real objects like erasers, blocks, or buttons to help you understand better. Take assessment: 1. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) Great for quick checks and identifying the correct concept. Example: What should you do if you spill water at home?a) Leave it and walk awayb) Wipe it cleanc) Call your friendd) Play with it 2. Fill in the Blanks Useful for reinforcing key vocabulary and main ideas. Example: We should always keep our surroundings ______.If you break something, you should say ______. 3. True or False Helps test understanding of correct behavior and concepts. Example: 4. Match the Following Good for connecting actions to correct behaviors or items to usage. Example: Match the action with what you should do: 5. Short Answer Questions Encourages children to express understanding in their own words. Examples: 6. Picture-Based Questions Use visuals to prompt responses (especially helpful for this age group). Example: Show a picture of a dirty room.Q: What is wrong in this picture? What should be done? 7. Situation-Based / Role-Play Questions These help assess real-life application and decision-making. Example: Q: Your friend forgets his lunch box. What will you do?Q: You see someone throw garbage on the ground. What should you do? 8. Sequencing / Arrange in Order Helps children understand processes or routines. Example: Arrange the steps to brush your teeth in the correct order:a) Rinse your mouthb) Apply toothpastec) Take your brushd) Brush your teeth  9. Yes or No Questions Simple and direct for quick checks. Example: 10. Opinion-Based Questions Encourages critical thinking and expression. Example: 11. Connect the Dots / Drawing Activity Integrates creativity with understanding. Activity: Draw a picture showing a “Clean Classroom”.Q: Can you explain your drawing? 12. Sing / Chant / Act (Oral Assessment) This is great for younger learners and group activities. Example: